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Gallstones are a common yet usually mistaken medical condition that can cause significant discomfort and complications if left untreated. Dr. Samrat Jankar, a renowned gallstone specialist in Pune, Maharashtra, sheds light on four key aspects of gallstones that everyone should know.



What are Gallstones?

Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, a small organ discovered beneath the liver. These stones can differ in size, ranging from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball. Gallstones develop when substances in bile, such as cholesterol and bilirubin, harden and crystallize.

Dr. Samrat Jankar emphasizes that while gallstones often go unnoticed, they can lead to severe complications if left untreated, including inflammation of the gallbladder, bile duct blockage, and even pancreatitis.



What are the causes & risk factors of gallstones?

To prevent and treat gallstone, it is crucial to understand their causes and risk factors. Gallstone formation is influenced by a number of factors, which Dr. Samrat Jankar identifies. These factors include:

Obesity: Excess body weight, especially obesity, is strongly linked to an increased risk of gallstones.

Rapid Weight Loss: Crash dieting or losing weight too fast can also contribute to gallstone formation.

Dietary Factors: A diet high in cholesterol saturated fats and refined carbohydrates can raise the risk of gallstones.



Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions like diabetes, Liver cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic syndrome can elevate the risk of gallstones.

Genetic Predisposition: Genetic factors play a significant role in gallstone formation. A family history of gallstones improves an individual's susceptibility to developing them.

Lifestyle Factors: Sedentary lifestyle habits, such as lack of physical activity and long sitting, have been linked to an increased risk of gallstones.

Gender and Age: Women are more prone to forming gallstones than men, particularly during their reproductive years and after menopause. Additionally, gallstone majority tends to increase with age, with people over 40 being at higher risk.

Medications: Certain medications, such as those containing estrogen and cholesterol-lowering drugs, may raise the risk of gallstones in sensitive individuals.

Rapid Weight Loss Surgery: Bariatric surgery for weight loss, especially processes like gastric bypass surgery, can change the digestive process and increase the risk of gallstone formation in some patients.

What are Gallstone Symptoms and how is it diagnosed?

Recognizing the symptoms of gallstones is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Dr. Samrat Jankar highlights common symptoms such as:

Severe Abdominal Pain

Increase in the intensity of pain after ingesting fatty food

Jaundice

Fever and Chills

Indigestion and Bloating

Excessive gas and heartburn

Nausea and vomiting

Changes in Bowel Movements

Diagnosis:

A combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests is usually used to diagnose gallstones. The following are some typical methods for diagnosis:

Ultrasound: Ultrasound imaging is usually the first-line diagnostic tool for detecting gallstones. This non-invasive technique uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the gallbladder and surrounding structures, allowing healthcare providers to picture the presence of gallstones.

Blood Tests: To evaluate liver function and look for signs of infection or inflammation, blood tests may be conducted. Gallstone-related problems may be indicated by elevated blood levels of certain enzymes or bilirubin.

CT Scan or MRI: In some cases, a computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be suggested to obtain detailed images of the gallbladder and surrounding structures, mainly if ultrasound results are inconclusive or additional information is needed.

Endoscopic Procedures: In certain situations, endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) may be performed to estimate the bile ducts and identify any blockages caused by gallstones.

If you suspect you may have gallstones or are experiencing any concerning symptoms, consult with Dr. Samrat Jankar, the best gallbladder removal surgeon in Pune, for evaluation and guidance.



How are gallstones treated?

When it comes to treating gallstones, Dr. Jankar emphasizes that the method depends on various factors, including the size and severity of the stones, as well as the presence of symptoms. Treatment options for gallstones include:

Watchful Waiting: If gallstones are small and asymptomatic, Dr. Jankar adopts a "watchful waiting" approach. This means monitoring the situation over time without immediate intervention. Many individuals with asymptomatic gallstones never experience any problems and may never require treatment.

Medications: For gallstones that are small and especially formed of cholesterol, some medications may be recommended to aid in their dissolution. This course of treatment is usually only available to those who are not good candidates for surgery, though.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: This is the most common surgical treatment for gallstones. It involves the removal of the gallbladder through several small incisions in the abdomen using a laparoscope. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure with a shorter recovery time compared to traditional open surgery.